Repression, Isolation, Segregation and the Urban Ghetto Essay -- Black

Repression, Isolation, Segregation and the Urban GhettoAfrican Americans have systematically been denied equal opportunities and this is particularly true within American inner cities. The social, cultural, and economic isolation of these urban ghettos has profound impacts and affects on its dwellers. This isolation and segregation has led to the evolution of profoundly divergent and dichotomous life chances for downcast and white Americans. The black urban ugly are confronted with a lifestyle that promotes oppositional culture to the norms of society and challenged by an everyday exposure to violence, drugs, and crime. This paper attempts to explore the historical conditions that laid the foundation for the modern black urban ghetto. Racism and segregation have a long history in America. For most of Americas history, black Americans have been denied fundamental rights that accept the right own property and the right to vote. Until the 1920s, racial discrimination was large ly considered a product of the backward practices of an economically and socially antiquated South. Because of their powerful rhetoric, all important(p) political connections, and financial support, northern whites had often been important activists in early fights for racial equality. Northern whites saw their urban environment as socially and economically integrated. Black doctors, lawyers and financiers mingled freely with upper class whites this unconscious socialization was not only common among white collar professions but also amongst the middle and reduce classes.Unfortunately, this social harmony would end abruptly with the second Great Migration of southern blacks to northern cities during the 1940s and 1950s. This migration resulted f... ...African Americans. More importantly, this history illustrates the continued importance of race and its interchange linkage to the problems of poverty. BibliographyAnderson, E. StreetWise. Chicago University of Chicago Pres s, 1990.Clark, K. Dark ghetto dilemmas of social power. overbold York Harper and Row, 1965.Hirsch, A. Making the second ghetto race and housing in Chicago, 1940-1960. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1998.Kotlowitz, A. at that place are no children here. New York Anchor Books, 1991.Massey, D. and Nancy Denton. American apartheid. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1998.Murray, C. Losing ground. New York BasicBooks, 1994.Oliver, M. and Thomas M. Shapiro. Black wealth, white wealth. New York Rouledge, 1997. Piven, F. and Richard A. Cloward. Poor peoples movements. New York Vintage Books, 1977.